Types of Motion in Industrial Robots: Joint, Linear, and Circular
In industrial robot programming, one of the most important concepts is the way the robot moves from one point to another. These movements are not random: they are defined by types of trajectories that determine how the robot's axes and tool will move.
The three most common types of motion in robots such as FANUC, ABB, and KUKA are: Joint (J), Linear (L), and Circular (C).
1. Joint (J) Movement – Movement Through Joints
In this type of movement, the robot moves to the desired position by moving each joint (axis) independently.
Features:
Example: Move the robot from a starting point to a distant point within the cell, without having to follow a specific path.
2. Linear Motion (L) – Linear motion
The robot moves in a straight line from the starting point to the end point, maintaining the tool's orientation.
Features:
Example: Move a vacuum suction cup in a straight line when picking up a fragile part to avoid collisions.
3. Circular Motion (C) – Curved Motion
This movement allows the robot to trace an arc or circular path in space, defined by at least three points (start, middle, and end).
Features:
Example: Program the robot to weld a cylindrical part or polish a circular surface.
Main differences:
| Type of movement | Career History | Speed | Recommended Use |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Joint (J) |
Curve, depends on axes |
Sign Up |
Long, fast movements, regardless of the path |
|
Linear (L) |
Line |
Media |
Accuracy in Critical Trajectories |
|
Circular (C) |
Arc or curve |
Media |
Processes involving circular parts or curved paths |
Conclusion
Understanding the different types of movements is essential for programming industrial robots safely and efficiently. Each movement serves a specific purpose, and mastering their application will allow you to optimize cycle times, avoid collisions, and improve process quality.
Training at VST Robotics
At VST Robotics, we teach you how to program FANUC robots, covering not only joint, linear, and circular movements, but also advanced programming techniques for Industry 4.0.
Contact us for more information. Visit our Academia 4.0 section.
